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PHP设计模式之命令模式示例详解

时间:2022-07-16 09:40:38 | 栏目:PHP代码 | 点击:

前言

命令模式,也称为动作或者事务模式,很多教材会用饭馆来举例。作为顾客的我们是命令的下达者,服务员是这个命令的接收者,菜单是这个实际的命令,而厨师是这个命令的执行者。那么,这个模式解决了什么呢?当你要修改菜单的时候,只需要和服务员说就好了,她会转达给厨师,也就是说,我们实现了顾客和厨师的解耦。也就是调用者与实现者的解耦。当然,很多设计模式可以做到这一点,但是命令模式能够做到的是让一个命令接收者实现多个命令(服务员下单、拿酒水、上菜),或者把一条命令转达给多个实现者(热菜厨师、凉菜厨师、主食师傅)。这才是命令模式真正发挥的地方!!

Gof类图及解释

GoF定义:将一个请求封装为一个对象,从而使你可用不同的请求对客户进行参数化;对请求排队或记录请求日志,以及支持可撤消的操作

GoF类图

代码实现

class Invoker
{
 public $command;
 
 public function __construct($command)
 {
  $this->command = $command;
 }

 public function exec()
 {
  $this->command->execute();
 }
}

首先我们定义一个命令的接收者,或者说是命令的请求者更恰当。类图中的英文定义这个单词是“祈求者”。也就是由它来发起和操作命令。

abstract class Command
{
 protected $receiver;

 public function __construct(Receiver $receiver)
 {
  $this->receiver = $receiver;
 }

 abstract public function execute();
}

class ConcreteCommand extends Command
{
 public function execute()
 {
  $this->receiver->action();
 }
}

接下来是命令,也就是我们的“菜单”。这个命令的作用是为了定义真正的执行者是谁。

class Receiver
{
 public $name;

 public function __construct($name)
 {
  $this->name = $name;
 }

 public function action()
 {
  echo $this->name . '命令执行了!', PHP_EOL;
 }
}

接管者,也就是执行者,真正去执行命令的人。

// 准备执行者
$receiverA = new Receiver('A');

// 准备命令
$command = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA);

// 请求者
$invoker = new Invoker($command);
$invoker->exec();

客户端的调用,我们要联系好执行者也就是挑有好厨子的饭馆(Receiver),然后准备好命令也就是菜单(Command),最后交给服务员(Invoker)。

其实这个饭店的例子已经非常清晰了,对于命令模式真是完美的解析

那说好的可以下多份订单或者给多个厨师呢?别急,下面的代码帮助我们解决这个问题

完整代码: https://github.com/zhangyue0503/designpatterns-php/blob/master/09.command/source/command.php

<?php

class Invoker
{
 private $command = [];

 public function setCommand(Command $command)
 {
  $this->command[] = $command;
 }

 public function exec()
 {
  if(count($this->command) > 0){
   foreach ($this->command as $command) {
    $command->execute();
   }
  }
 }

 public function undo()
 {
  if(count($this->command) > 0){
   foreach ($this->command as $command) {
    $command->undo();
   }
  }
 }
}

abstract class Command
{
 protected $receiver;
 protected $state;
 protected $name;

 public function __construct(Receiver $receiver, $name)
 {
  $this->receiver = $receiver;
  $this->name = $name;
 }

 abstract public function execute();
}

class ConcreteCommand extends Command
{
 public function execute()
 {
  if (!$this->state || $this->state == 2) {
   $this->receiver->action();
   $this->state = 1;
  } else {
   echo $this->name . '命令正在执行,无法再次执行了!', PHP_EOL;
  }

 }
 
 public function undo()
 {
  if ($this->state == 1) {
   $this->receiver->undo();
   $this->state = 2;
  } else {
   echo $this->name . '命令未执行,无法撤销了!', PHP_EOL;
  }
 }
}

class Receiver
{
 public $name;
 public function __construct($name)
 {
  $this->name = $name;
 }
 public function action()
 {
  echo $this->name . '命令执行了!', PHP_EOL;
 }
 public function undo()
 {
  echo $this->name . '命令撤销了!', PHP_EOL;
 }
}

// 准备执行者
$receiverA = new Receiver('A');
$receiverB = new Receiver('B');
$receiverC = new Receiver('C');

// 准备命令
$commandOne = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA, 'A');
$commandTwo = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA, 'B');
$commandThree = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA, 'C');

// 请求者
$invoker = new Invoker();
$invoker->setCommand($commandOne);
$invoker->setCommand($commandTwo);
$invoker->setCommand($commandThree);
$invoker->exec();
$invoker->undo();

// 新加一个单独的执行者,只执行一个命令
$invokerA = new Invoker();
$invokerA->setCommand($commandOne);
$invokerA->exec();

// 命令A已经执行了,再次执行全部的命令执行者,A命令的state判断无法生效
$invoker->exec();

我们的手机工厂和餐厅其实并没有什么两样,当我们需要代工厂来制作手机时,也是先下订单,这个订单就可以看做是命令。在这个订单中,我们会规定好需要用到的配件,什么型号的CPU,什么型号的内存,预装什么系统之类的。然后代工厂的工人们就会根据这个订单来进行生产。在这个过程中,我不用关心是某一个工人还是一群工人来执行这个订单,我只需要将这个订单交给和我们对接的人就可以了,然后只管等着手机生产出来进行验收咯!!

完整代码: https://github.com/zhangyue0503/designpatterns-php/blob/master/09.command/source/command-up.php

实例

短信功能又回来了,我们发现除了工厂模式外,命令模式貌似也是一种不错的实现方式哦。在这里,我们依然是使用那几个短信和推送的接口,话不多说,我们用命令模式再来实现一个吧。当然,有兴趣的朋友可以接着实现我们的短信撤回功能哈,想想上面的命令取消是怎么实现的。

短信发送类图

完整源码: https://github.com/zhangyue0503/designpatterns-php/blob/master/09.command/source/command-message.php

<?php

class SendMsg
{
 private $command = [];

 public function setCommand(Command $command)
 {
  $this->command[] = $command;
 }
 
 public function send($msg)
 {
  foreach ($this->command as $command) {
   $command->execute($msg);
  }
 }
}

abstract class Command
{
 protected $receiver = [];

 public function setReceiver($receiver)
 {
  $this->receiver[] = $receiver;
 }

 abstract public function execute($msg);
}

class SendAliYun extends Command
{
 public function execute($msg)
 {
  foreach ($this->receiver as $receiver) {
   $receiver->action($msg);
  }
 }
}

class SendJiGuang extends Command
{
 public function execute($msg)
 {
  foreach ($this->receiver as $receiver) {
   $receiver->action($msg);
  }
 }
}

class SendAliYunMsg
{
 public function action($msg)
 {
  echo '【阿X云短信】发送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
 }
}

class SendAliYunPush
{
 public function action($msg)
 {
  echo '【阿X云推送】发送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
 }
}

class SendJiGuangMsg
{
 public function action($msg)
 {
  echo '【极X短信】发送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
 }
}

class SendJiGuangPush
{
 public function action($msg)
 {
  echo '【极X推送】发送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
 }
}

$aliMsg = new SendAliYunMsg();
$aliPush = new SendAliYunPush();
$jgMsg = new SendJiGuangMsg();
$jgPush = new SendJiGuangPush();

$sendAliYun = new SendAliYun();
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($aliMsg);
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($aliPush);

$sendJiGuang = new SendJiGuang();
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($jgMsg);
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($jgPush);

$sendMsg = new SendMsg();
$sendMsg->setCommand($sendAliYun);
$sendMsg->setCommand($sendJiGuang);

$sendMsg->send('这次要搞个大活动,快来注册吧!!');

说明

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