时间:2022-05-09 09:40:58 | 栏目:vue | 点击:次
本文介绍vue.js组件,具体如下:
5.2 组件通信
尽管子组件可以用this.$parent访问它的父组件及其父链上任意的实例,不过子组件应当避免直接依赖父组件的数据,尽量显式地使用 props 传递数据。另外,在子组件中修改父组件的状态是非常糟糕的做法,因为:
1.这让父组件与子组件紧密地耦合;
2.只看父组件,很难理解父组件的状态。因为它可能被任意子组件修改!理想情况下,只有组件自己能修改它的状态。
每个Vue实例都是一个事件触发器:
5.2.1 监听与触发
v-on监听自定义事件:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <!--子组件模板--> <template id="child-template"> <input v-model="msg" /> <button v-on:click="notify">Dispatch Event</button> </template> <!--父组件模板--> <div id="events-example"> <p>Messages: {{ messages | json }}</p> <child v-on:child-msg="handleIt"></child> </div> </body> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script> // 注册子组件 // 将当前消息派发出去 Vue.component('child', { template: '#child-template', data: function (){ return { msg: 'hello' } }, methods: { notify: function() { if(this.msg.trim()){ this.$dispatch('child-msg',this.msg); this.msg = ''; } } } }) // 初始化父组件 // 在收到消息时将事件推入一个数组中 var parent = new Vue({ el: '#events-example', data: { messages: [] }, methods:{ 'handleIt': function(){ alert("a"); } } }) </script> </html>
父组件可以在使用子组件的地方直接用 v-on 来监听子组件触发的事件:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="counter-event-example"> <p>{{ total }}</p> <button-counter v-on:increment="incrementTotal"></button-counter> <button-counter v-on:increment="incrementTotal"></button-counter> </div> </body> <script src="js/vue.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> Vue.component('button-counter', { template: '<button v-on:click="increment">{{ counter }}</button>', data: function () { return { counter: 0 } }, methods: { increment: function () { this.counter += 1 this.$emit('increment') } }, }) new Vue({ el: '#counter-event-example', data: { total: 0 }, methods: { incrementTotal: function () { this.total += 1 } } }) </script> </html>
在某个组件的根元素上监听一个原生事件。可以使用 .native 修饰v-on 。例如:
<my-component v-on:click.native="doTheThing"></my-component>
5.2.2 派发事件――$dispatch()
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <p>Messages: {{ messages | json }}</p> <child-component></child-component> </div> <template id="child-component"> <input v-model="msg" /> <button v-on:click="notify">Dispatch Event</button> </template> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script> // 注册子组件 Vue.component('child-component', { template: '#child-component', data: function() { return { msg: '' } }, methods: { notify: function() { if (this.msg.trim()) { this.$dispatch('child-msg', this.msg) this.msg = '' } } } }) // 初始化父组件 new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { messages: [] }, events: { 'child-msg': function(msg) { this.messages.push(msg) } } }) </script> </body> </html>
5.2.3 广播事件――$broadcast()
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <input v-model="msg" /> <button v-on:click="notify">Broadcast Event</button> <child-component></child-component> </div> <template id="child-component"> <ul> <li v-for="item in messages"> 父组件录入了信息:{{ item }} </li> </ul> </template> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script> // 注册子组件 Vue.component('child-component', { template: '#child-component', data: function() { return { messages: [] } }, events: { 'parent-msg': function(msg) { this.messages.push(msg) } } }) // 初始化父组件 new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { msg: '' }, methods: { notify: function() { if (this.msg.trim()) { this.$broadcast('parent-msg', this.msg) } } } }) </script> </body> </html>
和派发事件相反。前者在子组件绑定,调用$dispatch派发到父组件;后者在父组件中绑定,调用$broadcast广播到子组件。
5.2.4 父子组件之间的访问
$children:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <parent-component></parent-component> </div> <template id="parent-component"> <child-component1></child-component1> <child-component2></child-component2> <button v-on:click="showChildComponentData">显示子组件的数据</button> </template> <template id="child-component1"> <h2>This is child component 1</h2> </template> <template id="child-component2"> <h2>This is child component 2</h2> </template> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script> Vue.component('parent-component', { template: '#parent-component', components: { 'child-component1': { template: '#child-component1', data: function() { return { msg: 'child component 111111' } } }, 'child-component2': { template: '#child-component2', data: function() { return { msg: 'child component 222222' } } } }, methods: { showChildComponentData: function() { for (var i = 0; i < this.$children.length; i++) { alert(this.$children[i].msg) } } } }) new Vue({ el: '#app' }) </script> </body> </html>
$ref可以给子组件指定索引ID:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <parent-component></parent-component> </div> <template id="parent-component"> <!--<child-component1></child-component1> <child-component2></child-component2>--> <child-component1 v-ref:cc1></child-component1> <child-component2 v-ref:cc2></child-component2> <button v-on:click="showChildComponentData">显示子组件的数据</button> </template> <template id="child-component1"> <h2>This is child component 1</h2> </template> <template id="child-component2"> <h2>This is child component 2</h2> </template> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script> Vue.component('parent-component', { template: '#parent-component', components: { 'child-component1': { template: '#child-component1', data: function() { return { msg: 'child component 111111' } } }, 'child-component2': { template: '#child-component2', data: function() { return { msg: 'child component 222222' } } } }, methods: { showChildComponentData: function() { // for (var i = 0; i < this.$children.length; i++) { // alert(this.$children[i].msg) // } alert(this.$refs.cc1.msg); alert(this.$refs.cc2.msg); } } }) new Vue({ el: '#app' }) </script> </body> </html>
效果与$children相同。
$parent:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <div id="app"> <parent-component></parent-component> </div> <template id="parent-component"> <child-component></child-component> </template> <template id="child-component"> <h2>This is a child component</h2> <button v-on:click="showParentComponentData">显示父组件的数据</button> </template> <script src="js/vue.js"></script> <script> Vue.component('parent-component', { template: '#parent-component', components: { 'child-component': { template: '#child-component', methods: { showParentComponentData: function() { alert(this.$parent.msg) } } } }, data: function() { return { msg: 'parent component message' } } }) new Vue({ el: '#app' }) </script> </body> </html>
如开篇所提,不建议在子组件中修改父组件的状态。
5.2.5 非父子组件通信
有时候非父子关系的组件也需要通信。在简单的场景下,使用一个空的 Vue 实例作为中央事件总线:
var bus = new Vue() // 触发组件 A 中的事件 bus.$emit('id-selected', 1) // 在组件 B 创建的钩子中监听事件 bus.$on('id-selected', function (id) { // ... })
在更多复杂的情况下,可以考虑使用专门的 状态管理模式。