详解Angular 4.x NgIf 的用法

<!--语法糖-->
<div *ngIf="condition">...</div>
<!--Angular 2.x中使用template-->
<ng-template [ngIf]="condition"><div>...</div></ng-template>

<div *ngIf="condition; else elseBlock">...</div>
<ng-template #elseBlock>...</ng-template>

<div *ngIf="condition; then thenBlock else elseBlock"></div>
<ng-template #thenBlock>...</ng-template>
<ng-template #elseBlock>...</ng-template>

<div *ngIf="condition as value; else elseBlock">{{value}}</div>
<ng-template #elseBlock>...</ng-template>

@Component({
 selector: 'ng-if-then-else',
 template: `
  <button (click)="show = !show">{{show ? 'hide' : 'show'}}</button>
  <button (click)="switchPrimary()">Switch Primary</button>
    show = {{show}}
  <br>
  <div *ngIf="show; then thenBlock; else elseBlock">this is ignored</div>
  <ng-template #primaryBlock>Primary text to show</ng-template>
  <ng-template #secondaryBlock>Secondary text to show</ng-template>
  <ng-template #elseBlock>Alternate text while primary text is hidden</ng-template>
 `
})
class NgIfThenElse implements OnInit {
 thenBlock: TemplateRef<any> = null;
 show: boolean = true;
 
 @ViewChild('primaryBlock')
 primaryBlock: TemplateRef<any> = null;
 @ViewChild('secondaryBlock')
 secondaryBlock: TemplateRef<any> = null;
 
 switchPrimary() {
  this.thenBlock = this.thenBlock === this.primaryBlock ? 
   this.secondaryBlock : this.primaryBlock;
 }
 
 ngOnInit() { 
   this.thenBlock = this.primaryBlock;
 }
}

// angular\packages\core\src\linker\template_ref.ts
export abstract class TemplateRef<C> {
 abstract get elementRef(): ElementRef;
 abstract createEmbeddedView(context: C): EmbeddedViewRef<C>;
}

// angular\packages\common\src\directives\ng_if.ts
export class NgIfContext {
 public $implicit: any = null;
 public ngIf: any = null;
}

@Directive({
  selector: '[ngIf]' // 属性选择器 - <ng-template [ngIf]="condition">
})

export class NgIf {
 // 创建NgIfContext上下文
 private _context: NgIfContext = new NgIfContext();
 // 表示then模板对象
 private _thenTemplateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>|null = null;
 // 表示else模板对象
 private _elseTemplateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>|null = null;

 // 表示根据then模板创建的EmbeddedViewRef视图
 private _thenViewRef: EmbeddedViewRef<NgIfContext>|null = null;
 // 表示根据else模板创建的EmbeddedViewRef视图
 private _elseViewRef: EmbeddedViewRef<NgIfContext>|null = null;

 constructor(
  private _viewContainer: ViewContainerRef, 
  templateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>) {
   this._thenTemplateRef = templateRef; // then模板的默认值为ngIf指令关联的内联模板
 }
}

@Input()
set ngIf(condition: any) {
  this._context.$implicit = this._context.ngIf = condition;
  this._updateView(); // 更新视图
}

@Input()
set ngIfThen(templateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>) {
  this._thenTemplateRef = templateRef;
  this._thenViewRef = null; // 清除之前创建的视图
  this._updateView();
}

@Input()
set ngIfElse(templateRef: TemplateRef<NgIfContext>) {
  this._elseTemplateRef = templateRef;
  this._elseViewRef = null; // 清除之前创建的视图
  this._updateView();
}

// 更新视图
private _updateView() {
 // this._context.$implicit = this._context.ngIf = condition
 // 若condition表达式的值为truthy
 if (this._context.$implicit) {
 // 若_thenViewRef为null且_thenTemplateRef存在，则创建_thenViewRef内嵌视图
   if (!this._thenViewRef) {
    this._viewContainer.clear();
    this._elseViewRef = null;
    if (this._thenTemplateRef) {
     this._thenViewRef =
       this._viewContainer.createEmbeddedView(this._thenTemplateRef,
        this._context);
    }
   }
  } else { // condition表达式的值为falsy
   // 若_elseViewRef为null且_elseTemplateRef存在，则创建_elseViewRef内嵌视图
   if (!this._elseViewRef) {
    this._viewContainer.clear();
    this._thenViewRef = null;
    if (this._elseTemplateRef) {
     this._elseViewRef =
       this._viewContainer.createEmbeddedView(this._elseTemplateRef, 
        this._context);
    }
   }
  }
}

// angular\packages\core\src\linker\view_container_ref.ts
export abstract class ViewContainerRef {
  /**
  * 基于TemplateRef对象创建Embedded View(内嵌视图)，然后根据`index`指定的值，插入到容器中。 
  * 如果没有指定`index`的值，新创建的视图将作为容器中的最后一个视图插入。
  */ 
 abstract createEmbeddedView<C>(
   templateRef: TemplateRef<C>, 
   context?: C, index?: number):
   EmbeddedViewRef<C>;
}

// angular\packages\core\src\view\refs.ts
class ViewContainerRef_ implements ViewContainerData {
  // ...
  createEmbeddedView<C>(
   templateRef: TemplateRef<C>, 
   context?: C, index?: number):
   EmbeddedViewRef<C> {
    // 调用TemplateRef对象createEmbeddedView()方法创建EmbeddedViewRef对象
    const viewRef = templateRef.createEmbeddedView(context || <any>{});
     // 根据指定的index值，插入到视图容器中
    this.insert(viewRef, index);
    return viewRef;
 }
}

// ViewContainerData接口继承于ViewContainerRef抽象类
export interface ViewContainerData extends ViewContainerRef {
 _embeddedViews: ViewData[];
}

export interface ViewData {
 def: ViewDefinition;
 root: RootData;
 renderer: Renderer2;
 parentNodeDef: NodeDef|null;
 parent: ViewData|null;
 viewContainerParent: ViewData|null;
 component: any;
 context: any;
 nodes: {[key: number]: NodeData};
 state: ViewState;
 oldValues: any[];
 disposables: DisposableFn[]|null;
}

// angular\packages\core\src\linker\template_ref.ts
export abstract class TemplateRef<C> {
 abstract createEmbeddedView(context: C): EmbeddedViewRef<C>;
}

// angular\packages\core\src\view\refs.ts
class TemplateRef_ extends TemplateRef<any> implements TemplateData {
 // ...
 createEmbeddedView(context: any): EmbeddedViewRef<any> {
  return new ViewRef_(Services.createEmbeddedView(
    this._parentView, this._def, this._def.element !.template !, context));
 }
}

export interface TemplateData extends TemplateRef<any> {
 _projectedViews: ViewData[];
}

// angular\packages\core\src\view\types.ts
export const Services: Services = {
 setCurrentNode: undefined !,
 createRootView: undefined !,
 createEmbeddedView: undefined !,
 createComponentView: undefined !,
 createNgModuleRef: undefined !,
 overrideProvider: undefined !,
 clearProviderOverrides: undefined !,
 checkAndUpdateView: undefined !,
 checkNoChangesView: undefined !,
 destroyView: undefined !,
 resolveDep: undefined !,
 createDebugContext: undefined !,
 handleEvent: undefined !,
 updateDirectives: undefined !,
 updateRenderer: undefined !,
 dirtyParentQueries: undefined !,
};

// angular\packages\core\src\view\services.ts
export function initServicesIfNeeded() {
 if (initialized) {
  return;
 }
 initialized = true;
 const services = isDevMode() ? createDebugServices() : createProdServices();
 Services.setCurrentNode = services.setCurrentNode;
 Services.createRootView = services.createRootView;
 Services.createEmbeddedView = services.createEmbeddedView;
 Services.createComponentView = services.createComponentView;
 Services.createNgModuleRef = services.createNgModuleRef;
 Services.overrideProvider = services.overrideProvider;
 Services.clearProviderOverrides = services.clearProviderOverrides;
 Services.checkAndUpdateView = services.checkAndUpdateView;
 Services.checkNoChangesView = services.checkNoChangesView;
 Services.destroyView = services.destroyView;
 Services.resolveDep = resolveDep;
 Services.createDebugContext = services.createDebugContext;
 Services.handleEvent = services.handleEvent;
 Services.updateDirectives = services.updateDirectives;
 Services.updateRenderer = services.updateRenderer;
 Services.dirtyParentQueries = dirtyParentQueries;
}

function createProdServices() {
 return {
  setCurrentNode: () => {},
  createRootView: createProdRootView,
  createEmbeddedView: createEmbeddedView // 省略了其它方法
}

// angular\packages\core\src\view\view.ts
export function createEmbeddedView(
  parent: ViewData, anchorDef: NodeDef, viewDef: ViewDefinition, context?: any): ViewData {
 // embedded views are seen as siblings to the anchor, so we need
 // to get the parent of the anchor and use it as parentIndex.
 // 创建ViewData对象
 const view = createView(parent.root, parent.renderer, parent, anchorDef, viewDef);
 // 初始化ViewData对象-设置component及context属性的值
 initView(view, parent.component, context);
 // 创建视图中的节点，即设置view.nodes数组的属性值
 // const nodes = view.nodes; for(...) { ...; nodes[i] = nodeData; }
 createViewNodes(view);
 return view;
}

ViewContainerRef_ -> createEmbeddedView()
  => TemplateRef_ -> createEmbeddedView()
  => Services -> createEmbeddedView()
   => Call createEmbeddedView()