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Android原生态实现分享转发功能实例

时间：2022-03-14 10:04:16 | 栏目：Android代码 | 点击：次

导读：

之前刚学安卓时，写过一篇“Android调用系统shareAPI实现分享转发功能”的文章，随着安卓版本的迭代更新以及其他APP的优化，安卓的这个shareAPI好像失效了，不怎么好使，已经获取不到有分享功能的APP列表，点击分享也会直接崩溃。并不是说我之前那篇文章的代码有错，只能说是时代有了变化，旧的方法已经不能满足新的需求

 最近开发一个收款APP，想把分享功能加入进去，然后发现旧的方法已经不行，这就难过了，网上一些大佬建议用第三方APP自带的分享SDK，但是我觉得用第三方的SDK太麻烦了，每个 APP都要申请接口账号和接口密钥，即便是使用其他人封装好的分享框架，也是需要去申请账号密钥的，一点也不方便，还是喜欢安卓原生态写法，简单便捷、一劳永逸。

经过我几番研究，最终完美实现了，效果图如下：

 一、xml布局文件

1、res/layout目录下创建share_dialog.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@drawable/shape_dialog_bg"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
 
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:padding="16dp"
        android:text="分享到..." />
 
    <HorizontalScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scrollbars="none" >
 
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 
            <GridView
                android:id="@+id/sharePopupWindow_gridView"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:scrollbars="none" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </HorizontalScrollView>
 
    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1px"
        android:alpha="0.3"
        android:background="#666" />
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/sharePopupWindow_close"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:padding="20dp"
        android:text="取消"
        android:textSize="16sp" />
 
</LinearLayout>

2、res/layout目录下创建appinfo_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:paddingBottom="8dp"
    android:paddingLeft="16dp"
    android:paddingRight="16dp"
    android:paddingTop="8dp">
 
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/appinfo_item_icon"
        android:layout_width="48dp"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:scaleType="centerCrop"
        android:src="@drawable/logo"/>
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/appinfo_item_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="2dp"
        android:ellipsize="end"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:textSize="12sp"
        android:text="分享到……"/>
</LinearLayout>

3、在res/values/styles.xml 中，添加以下代码，用来实现弹出窗背景效果：

<style name="circleDialog" parent="android:style/Theme.Dialog">
        <!-- 背景透明,设置圆角对话框必须设置背景透明，否则四角会有背景色小块-->
        <item name="android:windowBackground">@android:color/transparent</item>
        <!-- 没有标题 -->
        <item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
        <!-- 背景模糊 -->
        <item name="android:backgroundDimEnabled">true</item>
</style>

二、创建一个实体类 AppInfo.java，用来保存应用信息

package net.zy13.skhelper.entity;
 
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
 
/**
 * APP信息实体类
 */
public class AppInfo {
    private String appName;
    private String packageName;
    private String versionName;
    private int versionCode;
    private String launchClassName;
    private Drawable appIcon;
 
    public String getAppName() {
        return appName;
    }
 
    public void setAppName(String appName) {
        this.appName = appName;
    }
 
    public String getPackageName() {
        return packageName;
    }
 
    public void setPackageName(String packageName) {
        this.packageName = packageName;
    }
 
    public String getVersionName() {
        return versionName;
    }
 
    public void setVersionName(String versionName) {
        this.versionName = versionName;
    }
 
    public int getVersionCode() {
        return versionCode;
    }
 
    public void setVersionCode(int versionCode) {
        this.versionCode = versionCode;
    }
 
    public String getLaunchClassName() {
        return launchClassName;
    }
 
    public void setLaunchClassName(String launchClassName) {
        this.launchClassName = launchClassName;
    }
 
    public Drawable getAppIcon() {
        return appIcon;
    }
 
    public void setAppIcon(Drawable appIcon) {
        this.appIcon = appIcon;
    }
}

三、重写PopupWindow控件SharePopupWindow.java，自定义分享的弹窗

package net.zy13.skhelper.view;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
 
import android.app.ActionBar.LayoutParams;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.drawable.ColorDrawable;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.GridView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.PopupWindow;
import android.widget.TextView;
 
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;
 
import net.zy13.skhelper.R;
import net.zy13.skhelper.adapter.AppInfoAdapter;
import net.zy13.skhelper.entity.AppInfo;
import net.zy13.skhelper.utils.LogUtil;
import net.zy13.skhelper.utils.MapTable;
import net.zy13.skhelper.utils.ShareUtil;
 
public class SharePopupWindow extends PopupWindow {
 
    //每行显示多少个
    private static final int NUM = 5;
 
    private View mMenuView;
    private GridView mGridView;
    private TextView mTextViewClose;
    private AppInfoAdapter mAdapter;
 
    private List<AppInfo> mAppinfoList;
 
    private String imgpath;
    private String shareTitle;
    private String shareContent;
    public void setImgpath(String imgpath) {
        this.imgpath = imgpath;
    }
    public void setShareTitle(String shareTitle) {
        this.shareTitle = shareTitle;
    }
    public void setShareContent(String shareContent) {
        this.shareContent = shareContent;
    }
 
    /**
     * 构造函数
     * @param context
     */
    public SharePopupWindow(final Context context) {
        super(context);
        LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) context  .getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        mMenuView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.share_dialog, null);
        //获取控件
        mGridView=(GridView) mMenuView.findViewById(R.id.sharePopupWindow_gridView);
        mTextViewClose=(TextView) mMenuView.findViewById(R.id.sharePopupWindow_close);
        //获取所有的非系统应用
        mAppinfoList = ShareUtil.getAllApps(context);
        //适配GridView
        mAdapter=new AppInfoAdapter(context, mAppinfoList);
        mGridView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
 
        //修改GridView
        changeGridView(context);
 
        mGridView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
 
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position,
                                    long id) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                //使用其他APP打开文件
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
                intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
                intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                //LogUtil.debug("图片地址："+imgpath);
                //我这里分享的是图片，如果你要分享链接和文本，可以在这里自行发挥
                Uri uri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, "fileprovider", new File(imgpath));
                intent.setDataAndType(uri, MapTable.getMIMEType(imgpath));
                context.startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
        //取消按钮
        mTextViewClose.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                dismiss();
            }
        });
        //设置SelectPicPopupWindow的View
        this.setContentView(mMenuView);
        //设置SelectPicPopupWindow弹出窗体的宽
        this.setWidth(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT);
        //设置SelectPicPopupWindow弹出窗体的高
        this.setHeight(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
        //设置SelectPicPopupWindow弹出窗体可点击
        this.setFocusable(true);
        //设置窗口外也能点击（点击外面时，窗口可以关闭）
        this.setOutsideTouchable(true);
        //设置SelectPicPopupWindow弹出窗体动画效果
        this.setAnimationStyle(R.style.circleDialog);
        //实例化一个ColorDrawable颜色为半透明
        ColorDrawable dw = new ColorDrawable(0x00000000);
        //设置SelectPicPopupWindow弹出窗体的背景
        this.setBackgroundDrawable(dw);
    }
 
    /**
     * 将GridView改成单行横向布局
     */
    private void changeGridView(Context context) {
        // item宽度
        int itemWidth = dip2px(context, 90);
        // item之间的间隔
        int itemPaddingH = dip2px(context, 1);
        //计算一共显示多少行;
        int size = mAppinfoList.size();
        //int row=(size<=NUM) ? 1 :( (size%NUM>0) ? size/NUM+1 : size/NUM );
        //每行真正显示多少个
        int rowitem = (size<NUM)?size:NUM;
        // 计算GridView宽度
        int gridviewWidth = rowitem * (itemWidth + itemPaddingH);
        LinearLayout.LayoutParams params = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
                gridviewWidth, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
        mGridView.setLayoutParams(params);
        mGridView.setColumnWidth(itemWidth);
        mGridView.setHorizontalSpacing(itemPaddingH);
        mGridView.setStretchMode(GridView.NO_STRETCH);
        mGridView.setNumColumns(rowitem);
    }
 
    /**
     * 根据手机的分辨率从 dp 的单位 转成为 px(像素)
     * @param context   上下文
     * @param dpValue   dp值
     * @return  px值
     */
    public static int dip2px(Context context, float dpValue) {
        final float scale = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
        return (int) (dpValue * scale + 0.5f);
    }
 
}

四、使用provider

1、在清单文件AndroidManifest.xml的<application>标签内添加provider

<provider
            android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
            android:authorities="fileprovider"
            android:exported="false"
            android:grantUriPermissions="true">
            <meta-data
                android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
                android:resource="@xml/filepaths"/>
        </provider>

注意：要与activity标签同级 

 2、在res/xml目录添加filepaths.xml，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!--
    1、name对应的属性值，开发者可以自由定义；
    2、path对应的属性值，当前external-path标签下的相对路径
    -->
    <!--1、对应内部内存卡根目录：Context.getFileDir()-->
    <files-path
        name="int_root"
        path="/" />
    <!--2、对应应用默认缓存根目录：Context.getCacheDir()-->
    <cache-path
        name="app_cache"
        path="/" />
    <!--3、对应外部内存卡根目录：Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()-->
    <external-path
        name="ext_root"
        path="Documents/" />
    <!--4、对应外部内存卡根目录下的APP公共目录：Context.getExternalFileDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)-->
    <external-files-path
        name="ext_pub"
        path="/" />
    <!--5、对应外部内存卡根目录下的APP缓存目录：Context.getExternalCacheDir()-->
    <external-cache-path
        name="ext_cache"
        path="/" />
</paths>

五、写一个工具类 

ShareUtil.java

package net.zy13.skhelper.utils;
 
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
 
import net.zy13.skhelper.MainApplication;
import net.zy13.skhelper.entity.AppInfo;
 
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class ShareUtil {
    /**
     * 查询手机内所有的应用列表
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    public static List<AppInfo> getAllApps(Context context) {
        List<AppInfo> appList = new ArrayList<AppInfo>();
        PackageManager pm=context.getPackageManager();
        List<PackageInfo> packages = pm.getInstalledPackages(0);
        for (int i = 0;i< packages.size();i++) {
            PackageInfo packageInfo = packages.get(i);
            AppInfo tmpInfo = new AppInfo();
            tmpInfo.setAppName(packageInfo.applicationInfo.loadLabel(pm).toString());
            tmpInfo.setPackageName(packageInfo.packageName);
            tmpInfo.setVersionName(packageInfo.versionName);
            tmpInfo.setVersionCode(packageInfo.versionCode);
            tmpInfo.setAppIcon(packageInfo.applicationInfo.loadIcon(pm));
            //如果非系统应用，则添加至appList
            if ((packageInfo.applicationInfo.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0) {
                //排除当前应用（替换成你的应用包名即可）
                if(!packageInfo.packageName.equals("net.zy13.skhelper")) {
                    appList.add(tmpInfo);
                }
            }
        }
        return  appList;
    }
    /**
     * 保存图片到缓存里
     * @param bitmap
     * @return
     */
    public static String SaveTitmapToCache(Bitmap bitmap){
        // 默认保存在应用缓存目录里 Context.getCacheDir()
        File file=new File(MainApplication.getAppContext().getCacheDir(),System.currentTimeMillis()+".png");
        try {
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
            bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, bos);
            bos.flush();
            bos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return file.getPath();
    }
}

六、GridView的适配器 AppInfoAdapter.java

package net.zy13.skhelper.adapter;
 
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
 
import net.zy13.skhelper.R;
import net.zy13.skhelper.entity.AppInfo;
 
import java.util.List;
 
public class AppInfoAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
 
    private Context context;
    private List<AppInfo> mAppinfoList;
    private OnItemClickListener mOnItemClickLitener;
 
    public AppInfoAdapter(Context context, List<AppInfo> mAppinfoList) {
        super();
        this.context = context;
        this.mAppinfoList = mAppinfoList;
    }
 
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return mAppinfoList.size();
    }
 
    @Override
    public Object getItem(int arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }
 
    @Override
    public long getItemId(int arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return 0;
    }
 
    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        AppInfo appInfo = mAppinfoList.get(position);
        // 加载布局
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.appinfo_item, null);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);
            // 将ViewHolder存储在View中
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            // 重新获取ViewHolder
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
 
        }
        //设置控件的值
        viewHolder.imageViewIcon.setImageDrawable(appInfo.getAppIcon());
        String name=appInfo.getAppName();
        viewHolder.textViewName.setText(name);
        return view;
    }
 
    class ViewHolder {
        ImageView imageViewIcon;
        TextView textViewName;
 
        public ViewHolder(View view) {
            this.imageViewIcon = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.appinfo_item_icon);
            this.textViewName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.appinfo_item_name);
        }
    }
 
}

七、自定义分享窗口SharePopupWindow的调用 

 private LinearLayout mLayoutRoot;
 private ImageView mImageView;
 
//获取根布局
mLayoutRoot=(LinearLayout)view.findViewById(R.id.LayoutRoot);
//获取图片控件
mImageView=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.image_qrcode);
 
 
// 获取ImageView图片
mImageView.setDrawingCacheEnabled(true);
Bitmap bitmap =Bitmap.createBitmap(mImageViewQrcode.getDrawingCache());
mImageView.setDrawingCacheEnabled(false);
String imgpath=ShareUtil.SaveTitmapToCache(bitmap);
//实例化分享窗口
SharePopupWindow spw = new SharePopupWindow(mContext);
spw.setImgpath(imgpath);
// 显示窗口
spw.showAtLocation(mLayoutRoot, Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 0);

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