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nginx日志导入elasticsearch的方法示例

时间：2022-02-28 09:20:29 | 栏目：Nginx | 点击：次

将nginx日志通过filebeat收集后传入logstash，经过logstash处理后写入elasticsearch。filebeat只负责收集工作，logstash完成日志的格式化，数据的替换，拆分 ，以及将日志写入elasticsearch后的索引的创建。

1、配置nginx日志格式

log_format main    '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local] $server_name $request ' 
            '$status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer ' 
            '"$http_user_agent" '
            '"$connection" '
            '"$http_cookie" '
            '$request_time '
            '$upstream_response_time';

2、安装配置filebeat，启用nginx module

tar -zxvf filebeat-6.2.4-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local;ln -s filebeat-6.2.4-linux-x86_64 filebeat
cd /usr/local/filebeat

启用nginx模块

./filebeat modules enable nginx

查看模块

./filebeat modules list

创建配置文件

vim /usr/local/filebeat/blog_module_logstash.yml
filebeat.modules:
- module: nginx
 access:
  enabled: true
  var.paths: ["/home/weblog/blog.cnfol.com_access.log"]
 #error:
 # enabled: true
 # var.paths: ["/home/weblogerr/blog.cnfol.com_error.log"]


output.logstash:
 hosts: ["192.168.15.91:5044"]

启动filebeat

./filebeat -c blog_module_logstash.yml -e

3、配置logstash

tar -zxvf logstash-6.2.4.tar.gz /usr/local
cd /usr/local;ln -s logstash-6.2.4 logstash
创建一个nginx日志的pipline文件
cd /usr/local/logstash

logstash内置的模板目录

vendor/bundle/jruby/2.3.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns

编辑 grok-patterns 添加一个支持多ip的正则

FORWORD (?:%{IPV4}[,]?[ ]?)+|%{WORD}

官方grok

http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/patterns#

创建logstash pipline配置文件

#input {
# stdin {}
#}
# 从filebeat接受数据
input {
 beats {
 port => 5044
 host => "0.0.0.0"
 }
}

filter {
 # 添加一个调试的开关
 mutate{add_field => {"[@metadata][debug]"=>true}}
 grok {
 # 过滤nginx日志
 #match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS_TEST2}" }
 #match => { "message" => '%{IPORHOST:clientip} # (?<http_x_forwarded_for>[^\#]*) # \[%{HTTPDATE:[@metadata][webtime]}\] # %{NOTSPACE:hostname} # %{WORD:verb} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion} # %{NUMBER:response} # (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-) # (?:"(?:%{NOTSPACE:referrer}|-)"|%{NOTSPACE:referrer}|-) # (?:"(?<http_user_agent>[^#]*)") # (?:"(?:%{NUMBER:connection}|-)"|%{NUMBER:connection}|-) # (?:"(?<cookies>[^#]*)") # %{NUMBER:request_time:float} # (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_response_time:float}|-)' }
 #match => { "message" => '(?:%{IPORHOST:clientip}|-) (?:%{TWO_IP:http_x_forwarded_for}|%{IPV4:http_x_forwarded_for}|-) \[%{HTTPDATE:[@metadata][webtime]}\] (?:%{HOSTNAME:hostname}|-) %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion} %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-) (?:"(?:%{NOTSPACE:referrer}|-)"|%{NOTSPACE:referrer}|-) %{QS:agent} (?:"(?:%{NUMBER:connection}|-)"|%{NUMBER:connection}|-) (?:"(?<cookies>[^#]*)") %{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_response_time:float}|-)' }
    match => { "message" => '(?:%{IPORHOST:clientip}|-) %{FORWORD:http_x_forwarded_for} \[%{HTTPDATE:[@metadata][webtime]}\] (?:%{HOSTNAME:hostname}|-) %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion} %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-) (?:"(?:%{NOTSPACE:referrer}|-)"|%{NOTSPACE:referrer}|-) %{QS:agent} (?:"(?:%{NUMBER:connection}|-)"|%{NUMBER:connection}|-) %{QS:cookie} %{NUMBER:request_time:float} (?:%{NUMBER:upstream_response_time:float}|-)' }
 }
 # 将默认的@timestamp(beats收集日志的时间)的值赋值给新字段@read_tiimestamp
 ruby { 
 #code => "event.set('@read_timestamp',event.get('@timestamp'))"
 #将时区改为东8区
 code => "event.set('@read_timestamp',event.get('@timestamp').time.localtime + 8*60*60)"
 }
 # 将nginx的日志记录时间格式化
 # 格式化时间 20/May/2015:21:05:56 +0000
 date {
 locale => "en"
 match => ["[@metadata][webtime]","dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
 }
 # 将bytes字段由字符串转换为数字
 mutate {
 convert => {"bytes" => "integer"}
 }
 # 将cookie字段解析成一个json
 #mutate {
 # gsub => ["cookies",'\;',',']
 #} 
 # 如果有使用到cdn加速http_x_forwarded_for会有多个ip，第一个ip是用户真实ip
 if[http_x_forwarded_for] =~ ", "{
     ruby {
         code => 'event.set("http_x_forwarded_for", event.get("http_x_forwarded_for").split(",")[0])'
        }
    }
 # 解析ip，获得ip的地理位置
 geoip {
 source => "http_x_forwarded_for"
 # # 只获取ip的经纬度、国家、城市、时区
 fields => ["location","country_name","city_name","region_name"] 
 }
 # 将agent字段解析,获得浏览器、系统版本等具体信息
 useragent {
 source => "agent"
 target => "useragent"
 }
 #指定要删除的数据
 #mutate{remove_field=>["message"]}
 # 根据日志名设置索引名的前缀
 ruby {
 code => 'event.set("@[metadata][index_pre]",event.get("source").split("/")[-1])'
 } 
 # 将@timestamp 格式化为2019.04.23
 ruby {
 code => 'event.set("@[metadata][index_day]",event.get("@timestamp").time.localtime.strftime("%Y.%m.%d"))'
 }
 # 设置输出的默认索引名
 mutate {
 add_field => {
  #"[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  "[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_%{@[metadata][index_day]}"
 }
 }
 # 将cookies字段解析成json
# mutate {
# gsub => [
#  "cookies", ";", ",",
#  "cookies", "=", ":"
# ]
# #split => {"cookies" => ","}
# }
# json_encode {
# source => "cookies"
# target => "cookies_json"
# }
# mutate {
# gsub => [
#  "cookies_json", ',', '","',
#  "cookies_json", ':', '":"'
# ]
# }
# json {
# source => "cookies_json"
# target => "cookies2"
# }
 # 如果grok解析存在错误，将错误独立写入一个索引
 if "_grokparsefailure" in [tags] {
 #if "_dateparsefailure" in [tags] {
 mutate {
  replace => {
  #"[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_failure_%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  "[@metadata][index]" => "%{@[metadata][index_pre]}_failure_%{@[metadata][index_day]}"
  }
 }
 # 如果不存在错误就删除message
 }else{
 mutate{remove_field=>["message"]}
 }
}

output {
 if [@metadata][debug]{
 # 输出到rubydebuyg并输出metadata
 stdout{codec => rubydebug{metadata => true}}
 }else{
 # 将输出内容转换成 "."
 stdout{codec => dots} 
 # 将输出到指定的es
 elasticsearch {
  hosts => ["192.168.15.160:9200"]
  index => "%{[@metadata][index]}"
  document_type => "doc"
 } 
 }
}

启动logstash

nohup bin/logstash -f test_pipline2.conf &

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