在networking方面，最基础的是BSD socket编程，但往往perl入门时在这个方面，最头疼的无疑是如何开始，如何Step by step。最好的药方就是Example，一段完整的可以运行（working）的代码，通过实践来感受远比看枯燥的manual来得深刻。
以下给出几段使用Socket及IO::Socket编写的Server/client，他们能实现最简单但是却最基本的任务，包括一个forking/accept的模型。可以直接复制这些代码，然后小加修改即可开发一些小型的tcp/udp应用了。
TCP 客户端, Socket 模块
简介：实现从服务器端读取一行信息然后返回
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# tcp_socket_cli.pl
use strict;
use Socket;
my $addr = $ARGV[0] || '127.0.0.1';
my $port = $ARGV[1] || '3000';
my $dest = sockaddr_in($port, inet_aton($addr));
my $buf = undef;
socket(SOCK,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,6) or die "Can't create socket: $!";
connect(SOCK,$dest) or die "Can't connect: $!";
my $bs = sysread(SOCK, $buf, 2048); # try to read 2048
print "Received $bs bytes, content $buf\n"; # actually get $bs bytes
close SOCK;
执行结果：
perl tcp_socket_cli.pl localhost 25
Received 41 bytes, content 220 ESMTP Postfix - ExtMail 0.12-hzqbbc
TCP 服务端 Socket模块, forking/accept模型
简介：一个多进程的TCP服务器，sample中实现了daytime的功能
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# tcp_socket_dt_srv.pl
use strict;
use Socket;
use IO::Handle;
use POSIX qw(WNOHANG);
my $port = $ARGV[0] || '3000';
my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
$SIG{'CHLD'} = sub {
while((my $pid = waitpid(-1, WNOHANG)) >0) {
print "Reaped child $pid\n";
}
};
socket(SOCK, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, getprotobyname('tcp'))
or die "socket() failed: $!";
setsockopt(SOCK,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
or die "Can't set SO_REUSADDR: $!" ;
my $my_addr = sockaddr_in($port,INADDR_ANY);
bind(SOCK,$my_addr) or die "bind() failed: $!";
listen(SOCK,SOMAXCONN) or die "listen() failed: $!";
warn "Starting server on port $port...\n";
while (1) {
next unless my $remote_addr = accept(SESSION,SOCK);
defined(my $pid=fork) or die "Can't fork: $!\n";
if($pid==0) {
my ($port,$hisaddr) = sockaddr_in($remote_addr);
warn "Connection from [",inet_ntoa($hisaddr),",$port]\n";
SESSION->autoflush(1);
print SESSION (my $s = localtime);
warn "Connection from [",inet_ntoa($hisaddr),",$port] finished\n";
close SESSION;
exit 0;
}else {
print "Forking child $pid\n";
}
}
close SOCK;
利用上述tcp_socket_cli.pl访问该server的执行结果：
[hzqbbc@local misc]$ perl tcp_socket_dt_srv.pl
Starting server on port 3000...
Connection from [127.0.0.1,32888]
Connection from [127.0.0.1,32888] finished
Reaped child 13927
Forking child 13927
TCP 客户端 ,IO::Sockiet模块
简介：同样为客户端，不过使用的是IO::Socket 面向对象模块
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# tcp_iosocket_cli.pl
use strict;
use IO::Socket;
my $addr = $ARGV[0] || '127.0.0.1';
my $port = $ARGV[1] || '3000';
my $buf = undef;
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new(
PeerAddr => $addr,
PeerPort => $port,
Proto => 'tcp')
or die "Can't connect: $!\n";
$buf = <$sock>;
my $bs = length($buf);
print "Received $bs bytes, content $buf\n"; # actually get $bs bytes
close $sock;
TCP 服务端, IO::Socket模块, forking/accept模型
简介：同样的一个daytime
服务器，使用IO::Socket重写。
#!/usr/bin/perl
# tcp_iosocket_dt_srv.pl
use strict;
use IO::Socket;
use POSIX qw(WNOHANG);
$SIG = sub {
while((my $pid = waitpid(-1, WNOHANG)) >0) {
print "Reaped child $pid\n";
}
};
my $port = $ARGV[0] || '3000';
my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new( Listen => 20,
LocalPort => $port,
Timeout => 60*1,
Reuse => 1)
or die "Can't create listening socket: $!\n";
warn "Starting server on port $port...\n";
while (1) {
next unless my $session = $sock->accept;
defined (my $pid = fork) or die "Can't fork: $!\n";
if($pid == 0) {
my $peer = gethostbyaddr($session->peeraddr,AF_INET) || $session->peerhost;
my $port = $session->peerport;
warn "Connection from [$peer,$port]\n";
$session->autoflush(1);
print $session (my $s = localtime), "\n";
warn "Connection from [$peer,$port] finished\n";
close $session;
exit 0;
}else {
print "Forking child $pid\n";
}
}
close $sock;
现在再介绍使用Socket及IO::Socket模块来进行Unix domain Socket的client/server开发。Unix Domain Socket（简称unix socket）和TCP/UDP等INET类型socket相比起来有几个优点：
1）、安全性高，unix socket只在单机环境中使用，不支持机器之间通信
2）、效率高，执行时的速度约是TCP的两倍，多用于操作系统内部通信（IPC）
3）、支持SOCK_DGRAM，但和UDP不同，前后消息是严格有序的
因此使用Unix socket来设计单机的IPC应用是首选。非常实用。大量的Unix应用软件都使用unix socket来进行程序间通信。
Unix Domain Socket客户端, Socket模块
简介：使用Unix domain socket的客户端。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Socket;
use IO::Handle;
my $path = $ARGV[0] || '/tmp/daytime.sock';
socket(my $sock, PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
my $sun = sockaddr_un($path);
connect($sock, $sun) or die "Connect: $!\n";
$sock->autoflush(1);
my $buf = <$sock>;
my $bs = length($buf);
print "Received $bs bytes, content $buf\n";
close $sock;
Unix Domain Socket 服务端, Socket模块
简介：使用Unix domain socket实现的daytime服务器。
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# tcp_socket_dt_srv.pl
use strict;
use Socket;
use IO::Handle;
use POSIX qw(WNOHANG);
my $path = $ARGV[0] || '/tmp/daytime.sock';
$SIG{'CHLD'} = sub {
while((my $pid = waitpid(-1, WNOHANG)) >0) {
print "Reaped child $pid\n";
}
};
socket(SOCK, PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
or die "socket() failed: $!";
setsockopt(SOCK,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
or die "Can't set SO_REUSADDR: $!" ;
unlink $path if -r $path;
bind(SOCK,sockaddr_un($path)) or die "bind() failed: $!";
listen(SOCK,SOMAXCONN) or die "listen() failed: $!";
warn "Starting server on path $path...\n";
while (1) {
next unless my $sockname = accept(SESSION,SOCK);
defined (my $pid=fork) or die "Can't fork: $!\n";
if($pid==0) {
SESSION->autoflush(1);
print SESSION (my $s = localtime);
close SESSION;
exit 0;
}else {
print "Forking child $pid\n";
}
}
close SOCK;