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Android自定义HorizontalScrollView打造超强Gallery效果

时间:2021-07-19 08:02:00 | 栏目:Android代码 | 点击:

自从Gallery被谷歌废弃以后,Google推荐使用ViewPager和HorizontalScrollView来实现Gallery的效果。的确HorizontalScrollView可以实现Gallery的效果,但是HorizontalScrollView存在一个很大的问题,如果你仅是用来展示少量的图片,应该是没问题的,但是如果我希望HorizontalScrollView可以想ViewPager一样,既可以绑定数据集(动态改变图片),还能做到,不管多少图片都不会OOM(ViewPager内部一直初始化,回收,至多只保持3个View)。本篇博客首先介绍HorizontalScrollView的简单用法,然后会在此基础上进行扩展,自定义HorizontalScrollView实现我们上面提到的效果,类似一屏可以显示多个View的ViewPager,再多的图片也不怕OOM。
1、HorizontalScrollView的简单用法
HorizontalScrollView其实是FrameLayout的子类,所以内部只能有一个直接的子View。我们用来做Gallery效果,首选当然是LinearLayout,然后方向设置为水平。
1)、布局文件:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 
 android:layout_width="match_parent" 
 android:layout_height="match_parent" 
 > 
 <HorizontalScrollView 
 android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
 android:layout_height="150dp" 
 android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" 
 android:background="#AA444444" 
 android:scrollbars="none" > 
 
 <LinearLayout 
  android:id="@+id/id_gallery" 
  android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
  android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
  android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" 
  android:orientation="horizontal" > 
 </LinearLayout> 
 </HorizontalScrollView> 
 
</LinearLayout> 

很简单,就一个HorizontalScrollView内部有个水平方向的LinearLayout
MainActivity:

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview; 
 
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.view.LayoutInflater; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.view.Window; 
import android.widget.ImageView; 
import android.widget.LinearLayout; 
import android.widget.TextView; 
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity 
{ 
 
 private LinearLayout mGallery; 
 private int[] mImgIds; 
 private LayoutInflater mInflater; 
 
 @Override 
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
 { 
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
 requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); 
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); 
 mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this); 
 initData(); 
 initView(); 
 
 } 
 
 private void initData() 
 { 
 mImgIds = new int[] { R.drawable.a, R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c, 
  R.drawable.d, R.drawable.e, R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g, 
  R.drawable.h, R.drawable.l }; 
 } 
 
 private void initView() 
 { 
 mGallery = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_gallery); 
 
 for (int i = 0; i < mImgIds.length; i++) 
 { 
  
  View view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item, 
   mGallery, false); 
  ImageView img = (ImageView) view 
   .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image); 
  img.setImageResource(mImgIds[i]); 
  TextView txt = (TextView) view 
   .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_text); 
  txt.setText("some info "); 
  mGallery.addView(view); 
 } 
 } 
 
} 

很简单,我预先准备了一些图片直接放在了Drawble下,然后循环加入HorizontalScrollView的LinearLayout中即可,Item的布局就省了,后面会贴源码。
效果图:

效果还是不错的~如果只需要简单展示几张图片,直接用就可以了。
下面准备进入正题,HorizontalScrollView不管里面多少View都是不会回收的,当达到一定量的时候会发生OOM,下面介绍如何改写HorizontalScollView实现文章开始所说的效果。
2、自定义HorizontalScrollView
思想:
1、首先根据屏幕的大小和Item的大小,计算可以一个屏幕最多可以加载多少个Item,然后加载该数量Item。
2、当用户右滑(从右向左),滑动到一定距离时,加载下一张,删除第一张
3、当用户左滑(从左向右),滑动到一定距离时,加载上一张,删除最后一张
看下最后的效果图:

为了增加一定的趣味,做了一个类似上面的相册效果,支持拖动时自动变化,和点击变化~~是不是很赞~
1)、首先看布局文件:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" 
 android:layout_width="match_parent" 
 android:layout_height="match_parent" 
 android:background="@android:color/white" 
 android:orientation="vertical" > 
 
 <FrameLayout 
 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
 android:layout_height="0dp" 
 android:layout_weight="1" > 
 
 <ImageView 
  android:id="@+id/id_content" 
  android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
  android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
  android:layout_gravity="center" 
  android:layout_margin="10dp" 
  android:scaleType="centerCrop" 
  android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" /> 
 </FrameLayout> 
 
 <com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView 
 android:id="@+id/id_horizontalScrollView" 
 android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
 android:layout_height="150dp" 
 android:layout_gravity="bottom" 
 android:background="@android:color/white" 
 android:scrollbars="none" > 
 
 <LinearLayout 
  android:id="@+id/id_gallery" 
  android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
  android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
  android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" 
  android:orientation="horizontal" > 
 </LinearLayout> 
 </com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView> 
 
</LinearLayout> 

没任何变化,除了把类名改成了我们自定义的类~
2)、为了和国际接轨,我们也搞个Adapter,类似BaseAdapter

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview; 
 
import java.util.List; 
 
import android.content.Context; 
import android.view.LayoutInflater; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.view.ViewGroup; 
import android.widget.BaseAdapter; 
import android.widget.ImageView; 
import android.widget.TextView; 
 
public class HorizontalScrollViewAdapter 
{ 
 
 private Context mContext; 
 private LayoutInflater mInflater; 
 private List<Integer> mDatas; 
 
 public HorizontalScrollViewAdapter(Context context, List<Integer> mDatas) 
 { 
 this.mContext = context; 
 mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); 
 this.mDatas = mDatas; 
 } 
 
 public int getCount() 
 { 
 return mDatas.size(); 
 } 
 
 public Object getItem(int position) 
 { 
 return mDatas.get(position); 
 } 
 
 public long getItemId(int position) 
 { 
 return position; 
 } 
 
 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) 
 { 
 ViewHolder viewHolder = null; 
 if (convertView == null) 
 { 
  viewHolder = new ViewHolder(); 
  convertView = mInflater.inflate( 
   R.layout.activity_index_gallery_item, parent, false); 
  viewHolder.mImg = (ImageView) convertView 
   .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_image); 
  viewHolder.mText = (TextView) convertView 
   .findViewById(R.id.id_index_gallery_item_text); 
 
  convertView.setTag(viewHolder); 
 } else 
 { 
  viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag(); 
 } 
 viewHolder.mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position)); 
 viewHolder.mText.setText("some info "); 
 
 return convertView; 
 } 
 
 private class ViewHolder 
 { 
 ImageView mImg; 
 TextView mText; 
 } 
 
} 

3)、下面先看用法:

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview; 
 
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.Arrays; 
import java.util.List; 
 
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.graphics.Color; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.view.Window; 
import android.widget.ImageView; 
 
import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView.CurrentImageChangeListener; 
import com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview.MyHorizontalScrollView.OnItemClickListener; 
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity 
{ 
 
 private MyHorizontalScrollView mHorizontalScrollView; 
 private HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter; 
 private ImageView mImg; 
 private List<Integer> mDatas = new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList( 
  R.drawable.a, R.drawable.b, R.drawable.c, R.drawable.d, 
  R.drawable.e, R.drawable.f, R.drawable.g, R.drawable.h, 
  R.drawable.l)); 
 
 @Override 
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
 { 
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
 requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); 
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); 
 
 mImg = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.id_content); 
 
 mHorizontalScrollView = (MyHorizontalScrollView) findViewById(R.id.id_horizontalScrollView); 
 mAdapter = new HorizontalScrollViewAdapter(this, mDatas); 
 //添加滚动回调 
 mHorizontalScrollView 
  .setCurrentImageChangeListener(new CurrentImageChangeListener() 
  { 
   @Override 
   public void onCurrentImgChanged(int position, 
    View viewIndicator) 
   { 
   mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position)); 
   viewIndicator.setBackgroundColor(Color 
    .parseColor("#AA024DA4")); 
   } 
  }); 
 //添加点击回调 
 mHorizontalScrollView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() 
 { 
 
  @Override 
  public void onClick(View view, int position) 
  { 
  mImg.setImageResource(mDatas.get(position)); 
  view.setBackgroundColor(Color.parseColor("#AA024DA4")); 
  } 
 }); 
 //设置适配器 
 mHorizontalScrollView.initDatas(mAdapter); 
 } 
 
} 

用起来是不是有点像ListView,初始化数据适配器,然后设置数据适配器,然后就是设置各种回调~~
如果仅仅是一堆图片展示,类似商品切换,更见简单,就不需要设置滚动监听和点击监听了~
4)、最后看自定义的MyHorizontalScrollView类

package com.example.zhy_horizontalscrollview; 
 
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map; 
 
import android.content.Context; 
import android.graphics.Color; 
import android.util.AttributeSet; 
import android.util.DisplayMetrics; 
import android.util.Log; 
import android.view.MotionEvent; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.view.View.OnClickListener; 
import android.view.WindowManager; 
import android.widget.HorizontalScrollView; 
import android.widget.LinearLayout; 
 
public class MyHorizontalScrollView extends HorizontalScrollView implements 
 OnClickListener 
{ 
 
 /** 
 * 图片滚动时的回调接口 
 * 
 * @author zhy 
 * 
 */ 
 public interface CurrentImageChangeListener 
 { 
 void onCurrentImgChanged(int position, View viewIndicator); 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 条目点击时的回调 
 * 
 * @author zhy 
 * 
 */ 
 public interface OnItemClickListener 
 { 
 void onClick(View view, int pos); 
 } 
 
 private CurrentImageChangeListener mListener; 
 
 private OnItemClickListener mOnClickListener; 
 
 private static final String TAG = "MyHorizontalScrollView"; 
 
 /** 
 * HorizontalListView中的LinearLayout 
 */ 
 private LinearLayout mContainer; 
 
 /** 
 * 子元素的宽度 
 */ 
 private int mChildWidth; 
 /** 
 * 子元素的高度 
 */ 
 private int mChildHeight; 
 /** 
 * 当前最后一张图片的index 
 */ 
 private int mCurrentIndex; 
 /** 
 * 当前第一张图片的下标 
 */ 
 private int mFristIndex; 
 /** 
 * 当前第一个View 
 */ 
 private View mFirstView; 
 /** 
 * 数据适配器 
 */ 
 private HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter; 
 /** 
 * 每屏幕最多显示的个数 
 */ 
 private int mCountOneScreen; 
 /** 
 * 屏幕的宽度 
 */ 
 private int mScreenWitdh; 
 
 
 /** 
 * 保存View与位置的键值对 
 */ 
 private Map<View, Integer> mViewPos = new HashMap<View, Integer>(); 
 
 public MyHorizontalScrollView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) 
 { 
 super(context, attrs); 
 // 获得屏幕宽度 
 WindowManager wm = (WindowManager) context 
  .getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); 
 DisplayMetrics outMetrics = new DisplayMetrics(); 
 wm.getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(outMetrics); 
 mScreenWitdh = outMetrics.widthPixels; 
 } 
 
 @Override 
 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) 
 { 
 super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); 
 mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0); 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 加载下一张图片 
 */ 
 protected void loadNextImg() 
 { 
 // 数组边界值计算 
 if (mCurrentIndex == mAdapter.getCount() - 1) 
 { 
  return; 
 } 
 //移除第一张图片,且将水平滚动位置置0 
 scrollTo(0, 0); 
 mViewPos.remove(mContainer.getChildAt(0)); 
 mContainer.removeViewAt(0); 
  
 //获取下一张图片,并且设置onclick事件,且加入容器中 
 View view = mAdapter.getView(++mCurrentIndex, null, mContainer); 
 view.setOnClickListener(this); 
 mContainer.addView(view); 
 mViewPos.put(view, mCurrentIndex); 
  
 //当前第一张图片小标 
 mFristIndex++; 
 //如果设置了滚动监听则触发 
 if (mListener != null) 
 { 
  notifyCurrentImgChanged(); 
 } 
 
 } 
 /** 
 * 加载前一张图片 
 */ 
 protected void loadPreImg() 
 { 
 //如果当前已经是第一张,则返回 
 if (mFristIndex == 0) 
  return; 
 //获得当前应该显示为第一张图片的下标 
 int index = mCurrentIndex - mCountOneScreen; 
 if (index >= 0) 
 { 
//  mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0); 
  //移除最后一张 
  int oldViewPos = mContainer.getChildCount() - 1; 
  mViewPos.remove(mContainer.getChildAt(oldViewPos)); 
  mContainer.removeViewAt(oldViewPos); 
  
  //将此View放入第一个位置 
  View view = mAdapter.getView(index, null, mContainer); 
  mViewPos.put(view, index); 
  mContainer.addView(view, 0); 
  view.setOnClickListener(this); 
  //水平滚动位置向左移动view的宽度个像素 
  scrollTo(mChildWidth, 0); 
  //当前位置--,当前第一个显示的下标-- 
  mCurrentIndex--; 
  mFristIndex--; 
  //回调 
  if (mListener != null) 
  { 
  notifyCurrentImgChanged(); 
 
  } 
 } 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 滑动时的回调 
 */ 
 public void notifyCurrentImgChanged() 
 { 
 //先清除所有的背景色,点击时会设置为蓝色 
 for (int i = 0; i < mContainer.getChildCount(); i++) 
 { 
  mContainer.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE); 
 } 
  
 mListener.onCurrentImgChanged(mFristIndex, mContainer.getChildAt(0)); 
 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 初始化数据,设置数据适配器 
 * 
 * @param mAdapter 
 */ 
 public void initDatas(HorizontalScrollViewAdapter mAdapter) 
 { 
 this.mAdapter = mAdapter; 
 mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0); 
 // 获得适配器中第一个View 
 final View view = mAdapter.getView(0, null, mContainer); 
 mContainer.addView(view); 
 
 // 强制计算当前View的宽和高 
 if (mChildWidth == 0 && mChildHeight == 0) 
 { 
  int w = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, 
   View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED); 
  int h = View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, 
   View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED); 
  view.measure(w, h); 
  mChildHeight = view.getMeasuredHeight(); 
  mChildWidth = view.getMeasuredWidth(); 
  Log.e(TAG, view.getMeasuredWidth() + "," + view.getMeasuredHeight()); 
  mChildHeight = view.getMeasuredHeight(); 
  // 计算每次加载多少个View 
  mCountOneScreen = mScreenWitdh / mChildWidth+2; 
 
  Log.e(TAG, "mCountOneScreen = " + mCountOneScreen 
   + " ,mChildWidth = " + mChildWidth); 
  
 
 } 
 //初始化第一屏幕的元素 
 initFirstScreenChildren(mCountOneScreen); 
 } 
 
 /** 
 * 加载第一屏的View 
 * 
 * @param mCountOneScreen 
 */ 
 public void initFirstScreenChildren(int mCountOneScreen) 
 { 
 mContainer = (LinearLayout) getChildAt(0); 
 mContainer.removeAllViews(); 
 mViewPos.clear(); 
 
 for (int i = 0; i < mCountOneScreen; i++) 
 { 
  View view = mAdapter.getView(i, null, mContainer); 
  view.setOnClickListener(this); 
  mContainer.addView(view); 
  mViewPos.put(view, i); 
  mCurrentIndex = i; 
 } 
 
 if (mListener != null) 
 { 
  notifyCurrentImgChanged(); 
 } 
 
 } 
 
 @Override 
 public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) 
 { 
 switch (ev.getAction()) 
 { 
 case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: 
//  Log.e(TAG, getScrollX() + ""); 
 
  int scrollX = getScrollX(); 
  // 如果当前scrollX为view的宽度,加载下一张,移除第一张 
  if (scrollX >= mChildWidth) 
  { 
  loadNextImg(); 
  } 
  // 如果当前scrollX = 0, 往前设置一张,移除最后一张 
  if (scrollX == 0) 
  { 
  loadPreImg(); 
  } 
  break; 
 } 
 return super.onTouchEvent(ev); 
 } 
 
 @Override 
 public void onClick(View v) 
 { 
 if (mOnClickListener != null) 
 { 
  for (int i = 0; i < mContainer.getChildCount(); i++) 
  { 
  mContainer.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE); 
  } 
  mOnClickListener.onClick(v, mViewPos.get(v)); 
 } 
 } 
 
 public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener mOnClickListener) 
 { 
 this.mOnClickListener = mOnClickListener; 
 } 
 
 public void setCurrentImageChangeListener( 
  CurrentImageChangeListener mListener) 
 { 
 this.mListener = mListener; 
 } 
 
} 

首先,加载第一个Item,根据item的宽计算当前屏幕可以加载多少张图片,然后初始化第一屏的图片,接下来就是从写onTouchEvent,在其中监听用户的ACTION_MOVE,然后根据移动的距离加载前一张或者后一张,同时动态移除不可见的View,回收内存~~~~
代码中有个Map专门存储View和posion的,主要是为了给点击回调提供当前的View的位置,有点类似:Android 自定义 ViewPager 打造千变万化的图片切换效果里面的Map的巧妙用法~~
是不是完全实现了ViewPager和HorizontalScrollView的合体~~~HorizontalScrollView的效果,ViewPager的特性~~~~
最后贴一下旋转屏幕后的效果图:

可以看出,不仅是做相册,还是图片轮播想过都是刚刚的!

源码下载:HorizontalScrollView打造超强Gallery效果

如果你的项目中需要用到Gallery类似的效果,果断使用上例尝试吧!

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