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Java中的notyfy()和notifyAll()的本质区别

时间:2020-10-18 14:04:32 | 栏目:JAVA代码 | 点击:

wait()方法表示,放弃当前对资源的占有权,等啊等啊,一直等到有人通知我,我才会运行后面的代码。

notify()方法表示,当前的线程已经放弃对资源的占有,

通知等待的线程来获得对资源的占有权,但是只有一个线程能够从wait状态中恢复,

然后继续运行wait()后面的语句;

notifyAll()方法表示,当前的线程已经放弃对资源的占有,

通知所有的等待线程从wait()方法后的语句开始运行。

读出什么区别没有?

上例子,先是一个nofiyAll()的例子:

Java代码

package com.thread.wait; 
public class Wait { 
  private int counter = 0; 
  private String name = null; 
  public Wait(int counter,String name){ 
    this.counter = counter; 
    this.name = name; 
  } 
  public synchronized void doSomthing(){ 
    int tempCounter = --counter; 
    if(tempCounter <= 0){ 
      customizedNotifyAll(); 
    } 
    else 
    { 
      while(tempCounter > 0){ 
        try { 
          System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-<"+name+tempCounter+">"+"will invoke WAIT()"); 
          --tempCounter; 
          wait(); 
        } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
          e.printStackTrace(); 
          notifyAll(); 
        } 
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-<"+name+tempCounter+">"+"has been ACTIVED"); 
      } 
      customizedNotifyAll(); 
    } 
  } 
  public void customizedNotifyAll(){ 
    notifyAll(); 
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-<"+name+counter+">"+"::"+"INVOKED NOTIFYALL() AND FINISHED"); 
  } 
} 

Java代码 

package com.thread.wait; 
public class TestThread implements Runnable { 
  private Wait wait; 
  public TestThread(Wait wait){ 
    this.wait = wait; 
  } 
  public void run() { 
    wait.doSomthing(); 
  } 
  public static void main(String [] args){ 
    Wait wait = new Wait(4,"DAVID"); 
    Thread t1 = new Thread(new TestThread(wait)); 
    Thread t2 = new Thread(new TestThread(wait)); 
    Thread t3 = new Thread(new TestThread(wait)); 
    Thread t4 = new Thread(new TestThread(wait)); 
    t1.start(); 
    t2.start(); 
    t3.start(); 
    t4.start(); 
  } 
} 

运行的结果:

Thread-0-<DAVID3>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-1-<DAVID2>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-2-<DAVID1>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-3-<DAVID0>::INVOKED NOTIFYALL() AND FINISHED 
Thread-0-<DAVID2>has been ACTIVED 
Thread-0-<DAVID2>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-1-<DAVID1>has been ACTIVED 
Thread-1-<DAVID1>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-2-<DAVID0>has been ACTIVED 
Thread-2-<DAVID0>::INVOKED NOTIFYALL() AND FINISHED 
Thread-0-<DAVID1>has been ACTIVED 
Thread-0-<DAVID1>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-1-<DAVID0>has been ACTIVED 
Thread-1-<DAVID0>::INVOKED NOTIFYALL() AND FINISHED 
Thread-0-<DAVID0>has been ACTIVED 
Thread-0-<DAVID0>::INVOKED NOTIFYALL() AND FINISHED 

看到了吧,一旦调用notifyAll()方法,所有的等待线程都会从调用wait()方法的地方继续运行起来。

这个运行结果可能每次都不一样,有时候只有两个线程运行完成而其余两个线程在等待其它线程调用notifyAll()方法,有时候只有三个线程运行完成,而另一个还在等待中。

由于本文是讲解notify以及notifyAll方法,所以对上面的原因不多加以解释。

然后是notify()方法的例子:

就是将wait类中的customizedNotifyAll()方法中的notifyAll()方法换成notify()方法

运行结果:

Thread-1-<DAVID3>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-0-<DAVID2>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-2-<DAVID1>will invoke WAIT() 
Thread-3-<DAVID0>::INVOKED NOTIFYALL() AND FINISHED 
Thread-1-<DAVID2>has been ACTIVED 
Thread-1-<DAVID2>will invoke WAIT() 

Did you see that?所有的等待线程中,只有一个线程运行完成了,而其它的线程还在傻傻地等待,poor guys!

每次运行的结果会不一样,但是始终只有一个线程能够运行完成。

Summary:

notify()方法只是让一个线程从wait中恢复过来,至于具体是哪个,那就得看那些线程的运气了(不设置优先级的情况下),继续执行后面的语句;

notifyAll()方法是让所有的线程从wait中恢复过来,继续执行后面的语句。

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