时间:2021-05-23 08:08:31 | 栏目:Nginx | 点击:次
一、前言
前文Nginx 解决WebApi跨域二次请求以及Vue单页面问题 当中虽然解决了跨域问题带来的二次请求,但也产生了一个新的问题,就是如果需要获取用户IP的时候,获取的IP地址总是本机地址。
二、原因
由于Nginx反向代理后,在应用中取得的IP都是反向代理服务器的IP,取得的域名也是反向代理配置的Url的域名。
三、解决方案
解决该问题,需要在Nginx反向代理配置中添加一些配置信息,目的将客户端的真实IP和域名传递到应用程序中。同时,也要修改获取IP地址的方法。
但是需要注意的是,通过Nginx反向代理后,如果访问IP通过了几层代理,可能取得的IP地址是这种格式:clientIP,proxy1,proxy2。
如果需要将IP地址插入到数据库的话,需要做防止注入。因此要对上述的IP地址的格式进行截取。
3.1 Nginx 配置如下
server { listen 9461; # 监听端口号 server_name localhost 192.168.88.22; # 访问地址 location / { root 项目路径; # 例如:E:/Publish/xxx/; index index.html; # 此处用于处理 Vue、Angular、React 使用H5 的 History时 重写的问题 if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^(.*) /index.html last; break; } } # 代理服务端接口 location /api { proxy_pass http://localhost:9460/api;# 代理接口地址 # Host配置以及域名传递 proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
3.2 C#代码获取真实IP方法
#region Ip(客户端IP地址) /// <summary> /// 客户端IP地址 /// </summary> public static string Ip { get { var result = string.Empty; if (HttpContext.Current != null) { result = GetWebClientIp(); } if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(result)) { result = GetLanIp(); } return result; } } /// <summary> /// 获取Web客户端的IP /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetWebClientIp() { var ip = GetWebProxyRealIp() ?? GetWebRemoteIp(); foreach (var hostAddress in Dns.GetHostAddresses(ip)) { if (hostAddress.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork) { return hostAddress.ToString(); } } return string.Empty; } /// <summary> /// 获取Web远程IP /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetWebRemoteIp() { try { return HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] ?? HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_ADDR"] ?? ""; } catch (Exception e) { return string.Empty; } } /// <summary> /// 获取Web代理真实IP /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetWebProxyRealIp() { var request = HttpContext.Current.Request; string ip = request.Headers.Get("x-forwarded-for"); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip) || string.Equals("unknown", ip, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { ip = request.Headers.Get("Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip) || string.Equals("unknown", ip, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { ip = request.Headers.Get("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip) || string.Equals("unknown", ip, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { ip = request.UserHostAddress; } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip)) { return string.Empty; } // 可能存在如下格式:X-Forwarded-For: client, proxy1, proxy2 if (ip.Contains(", ")) { // 如果存在多个反向代理,获得的IP是一个用逗号分隔的IP集合,取第一个 // X-Forwarded-For: client 第一个 string[] ips = ip.Split(new string[1] {", "}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); var i = 0; for (i = 0; i < ips.Length; i++) { if (ips[i] != "") { // 判断是否为内网IP if (false == IsInnerIp(ips[i])) { IPAddress realIp; if (IPAddress.TryParse(ips[i], out realIp) && ips[i].Split('.').Length == 4) { //合法IP return ips[i]; } return ""; } } } ip = ips[0];// 默认获取第一个IP地址 } return ip; } /// <summary> /// 判断IP地址是否为内网IP地址 /// </summary> /// <param name="ip">IP地址</param> /// <returns></returns> private static bool IsInnerIp(string ip) { bool isInnerIp = false; ulong ipNum = Ip2Ulong(ip); /** * 私有IP * A类:10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 * B类:172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 * C类:192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 * 当然,还有127这个网段是环回地址 */ ulong aBegin = Ip2Ulong("10.0.0.0"); ulong aEnd = Ip2Ulong("10.255.255.255"); ulong bBegin = Ip2Ulong("172.16.0.0"); ulong bEnd = Ip2Ulong("10.31.255.255"); ulong cBegin = Ip2Ulong("192.168.0.0"); ulong cEnd = Ip2Ulong("192.168.255.255"); isInnerIp = IsInner(ipNum, aBegin, aEnd) || IsInner(ipNum, bBegin, bEnd) || IsInner(ipNum, cBegin, cEnd) || ip.Equals("127.0.0.1"); return isInnerIp; } /// <summary> /// 将IP地址转换为Long型数字 /// </summary> /// <param name="ip">IP地址</param> /// <returns></returns> private static ulong Ip2Ulong(string ip) { byte[] bytes = IPAddress.Parse(ip).GetAddressBytes(); ulong ret = 0; foreach (var b in bytes) { ret <<= 8; ret |= b; } return ret; } /// <summary> /// 判断用户IP地址转换为Long型后是否在内网IP地址所在范围 /// </summary> /// <param name="userIp">用户IP</param> /// <param name="begin">开始范围</param> /// <param name="end">结束范围</param> /// <returns></returns> private static bool IsInner(ulong userIp, ulong begin, ulong end) { return (userIp >= begin) && (userIp <= end); } /// <summary> /// 获取局域网IP /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetLanIp() { foreach (var hostAddress in Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName())) { if (hostAddress.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork) { return hostAddress.ToString(); } } return string.Empty; } #endregion