时间:2020-10-15 23:15:42 | 栏目:Android代码 | 点击:次
本文介绍了Android ItemDecoration 实现分组索引列表的示例代码,分享给大家。具体如下:
先来看看效果:
我们要实现的效果主要涉及三个部分:
前两个部分涉及到一个ItemDecoration类,也是我们接下来的重点,该类是RecyclerView的一个抽象静态内部类,主要作用就是给RecyclerView的ItemView绘制额外的装饰效果,例如给RecyclerView添加分割线。
使用ItemDecoration时需要继承该类,根据需求可以重写如下三个方法,其它的方法已经deprecated了:
public class GroupHeaderItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state); } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDraw(c, parent, state); } @Override public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state); } }
然后将其添加到RecyclerView中:
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new GroupHeaderItemDecoration())
了解这个三个方法的作用,这样才能更好的实现我们想要的功能:
1、getItemOffsets()
给指定的ItemView设置偏移量,具体怎么设置呢,咱们看图说话:
图中左边的是原始RecyclerView列表,右边是设置了ItemView偏移量的列表,其实相当于在ItemView外部添加了一个矩形区域
其中left、top、right、bottom就是ItemView在四个方向的偏移量,对应的设置代码如下:
outRect.set(left, top, right, bottom)
在我们的分组索引列表中,只需要对ItemView设置顶部的偏移量,其它三个偏移量为0即可。这样就可以在ItemView顶部预留出一定高度的区域,如下图:
2、onDraw()
在getItemOffsets()方法中,我们设置了偏移量,进而得到了对应的偏移区域,接下来在onDraw()中就可以给ItemView绘制装饰效果了,所以我们在该方法中将分组索引列表中的GroupHeader的内容绘制在ItemView顶部偏移区域里。也就是绘制前边 gif 图里的A、B、C... GroupHeader,虽然看起来像一个个独立的ItemView,但并不是的哦!
注意该绘制操作会在ItemView的onDraw()前完成的!
3、onDrawOver()
该方法同样也是用来绘制的,但是它在ItemDecoration的onDraw()方法和ItemView的onDraw()完成后才执行。所以其绘制的内容会遮挡在RecyclerView上,因此我们可以在该方法中绘制分组索引列表中悬浮的GroupHeader,也就是在列表顶部随着列表滚动切换的GroupHeader。
一、分组GroupHeader
三个方法的作用已经解释完了,接下来就是代码实现我们的效果了:
首先保证RecyclerView的数据源已经按照某种规律进行了分组排序,具体什么规律你说了算,我们例子中按照数据源中指定字段的值的首字母升序排列,也就是常见通讯录的排序方式。然后在每个data中保存需要在GroupHeader上显示的内容,可以使用tag字段,我们这里保存的是对应的首字母。这里没必要将整个数据源设置到ItemDecoration里边,所以我们只需要提取排序后数据源的tag保存到列表中,然后设置到ItemDecoration里边,后边的操作就依赖设置的数据源了,根据tag的异同来决定是否绘制GroupHeader等。
上边已经分析了,GroupHeader只在列表中每组数据对应的第一个ItemView顶部显示,只需要对ItemView设置顶部的偏移量即可:
public class GroupHeaderItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state); RecyclerView.LayoutManager manager = parent.getLayoutManager(); //只处理线性垂直类型的列表 if ((manager instanceof LinearLayoutManager) && LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL != ((LinearLayoutManager) manager).getOrientation()) { return; } int position = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view); //ItemView的position==0 或者 当前ItemView的data的tag和上一个ItemView的不相等,则为当前ItemView设置top 偏移量 if (!Utils.listIsEmpty(tags) && (position == 0 || !tags.get(position).equals(tags.get(position - 1)))) { outRect.set(0, groupHeaderHeight, 0, 0); } } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDraw(c, parent, state); } @Override public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state); } }
其中tags就是我们设置到ItemDecoration的数据源,是一个String集合。groupHeaderHeight就是ItemView的顶部偏移量。
之后就是在ItemView的顶部偏移区域绘制GroupHeader了:
public class GroupHeaderItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state); } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDraw(c, parent, state); for (int i = 0; i < parent.getChildCount(); i++) { View view = parent.getChildAt(i); int position = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view); String tag = tags.get(position); //和getItemOffsets()里的条件判断类似,开始绘制分组的GroupHeader if (!Utils.listIsEmpty(tags) && (position == 0 || !tag.equals(tags.get(position - 1)))) { drawGroupHeader(c, parent, view, tag); } } } @Override public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state); } private void drawGroupHeader(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, View view, String tag) { RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams(); int left = parent.getPaddingLeft(); int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight(); int bottom = view.getTop() - params.topMargin; int top = bottom - groupHeaderHeight; c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, mPaint); int x = left + groupHeaderLeftPadding; int y = top + (groupHeaderHeight + Utils.getTextHeight(mTextPaint, tag)) / 2; c.drawText(tag, x, y, mTextPaint); } }
绘制GroupHeader就是Canvasc操作,先绘制一个矩形框,再绘制相应的文字,当然绘制图片也是没问题的,其中groupHeaderLeftPadding是个可配置字段,代表绘制的文字或图片到列表左边沿的距离,也可以理解为GroupHeader的左padding。
最后就是悬浮在顶部的GroupHeader绘制了:
public class GroupHeaderItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state); } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDraw(c, parent, state); } @Override public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state); if (!show) { return; } //列表第一个可见的ItemView位置 int position = ((LinearLayoutManager) (parent.getLayoutManager())).findFirstVisibleItemPosition(); String tag = tags.get(position); View view = parent.findViewHolderForAdapterPosition(position).itemView; //当前ItemView的data的tag和下一个itemView的不相等,则代表将要重新绘制悬停的GroupHeader boolean flag = false; if (!Utils.listIsEmpty(tags) && (position + 1) < tags.size() && !tag.equals(tags.get(position + 1))) { //如果第一个可见ItemView的底部坐标小于groupHeaderHeight,则执行Canvas向上位移操作 if (view.getBottom() <= groupHeaderHeight) { c.save(); flag = true; c.translate(0, view.getHeight() + view.getTop() - groupHeaderHeight); } } drawSuspensionGroupHeader(c, parent, tag); if (flag) { c.restore(); } } private void drawSuspensionGroupHeader(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, String tag) { int left = parent.getPaddingLeft(); int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight(); int bottom = groupHeaderHeight; int top = 0; c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, mPaint); int x = left + groupHeaderLeftPadding; int y = top + (groupHeaderHeight + Utils.getTextHeight(mTextPaint, tag)) / 2; c.drawText(tag, x, y, mTextPaint); } }
绘制操作和onDraw中的类似,gif 中有一个悬浮GroupHeader上移的动画,就是通过Canvas位移来实现的,注意在Canvas位移的前后进行save()和restore()操作。
我们给GroupHeaderItemDecoration提供了设置GroupHeader左padding、高度、背景色、文字颜色、尺寸、以及是否显示顶部悬浮GroupHeader的方法,方便使用。
关于绘制操作需要注意的是,GroupHeader所在的偏移区域和ItemView是相互独立的,不要把GroupHeader当做ItemView的一部分哦。到这里GroupHeader的功能就实现了,只需要将GroupHeaderItemDecoration添加到RecyclerView即可。
至于如何通过layout或者View来实现GroupHeader,做过一些尝试,效果都不理想,期待大家的好想法哦!
这里先用一个接口,对外提供自定义绘制GroupHeader的方法:
public interface OnDrawItemDecorationListener { /** * 绘制GroupHeader * @param c * @param paint 绘制GroupHeader区域的paint * @param textPaint 绘制文字的paint * @param params 共四个值left、top、right、bottom 代表GroupHeader所在区域的四个坐标值 * @param position 原始数据源中的position */ void onDrawGroupHeader(Canvas c, Paint paint, TextPaint textPaint, int[] params, int position); /** * 绘制悬浮在列表顶部的GroupHeader */ void onDrawSuspensionGroupHeader(Canvas c, Paint paint, TextPaint textPaint, int[] params, int position); }
二、分割线
现在RecyclerView还差一个分割线,当前最笨的办法可以在ItemView的布局文件中设置,既然系统都提供了ItemDecoration,那用它来优雅的实现为何不可呢,我们只需要给列表中每组数据除了最后一项数据对应的ItemView之外的添加分割线即可,也就是不给每组数据对应的最后一个ItemView添加分割线。很简单,直接上核心代码:
public class DivideItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state); RecyclerView.LayoutManager manager = parent.getLayoutManager(); //只处理线性垂直类型的列表 if ((manager instanceof LinearLayoutManager) && LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL != ((LinearLayoutManager) manager).getOrientation()) { return; } int position = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view); if (!Utils.listIsEmpty(tags) && (position + 1) < tags.size() && tags.get(position).equals(tags.get(position + 1))) { //当前ItemView的data的tag和下一个ItemView的不相等,则为当前ItemView设置bottom 偏移量 outRect.set(0, 0, 0, divideHeight); } } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDraw(c, parent, state); for (int i = 0; i < parent.getChildCount(); i++) { View view = parent.getChildAt(i); int position = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view); //和getItemOffsets()里的条件判断类似 if (!Utils.listIsEmpty(tags) && (position + 1) < tags.size() && tags.get(position).equals(tags.get(position + 1))) { drawDivide(c, parent, view); } } } @Override public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state); } private void drawDivide(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, View view) { RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams(); int left = parent.getPaddingLeft(); int right = parent.getWidth(); int top = view.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin; int bottom = top + divideHeight; c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, mPaint); } }
三、SideBar
SideBar就是 gif 图右边的垂直字符条,是一个自定义View。手指触摸选中一个字符,则列表会滚动到对应的分组头部位置。实现起来也蛮简单的,核心代码如下:
public class SideBar extends View { @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec); int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec); int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); //重新计算SideBar宽高 if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { getMaxTextSize(); if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { heightSize = (maxHeight + 15) * indexArray.length; } if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { widthSize = maxWidth + 10; } } setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, heightSize); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { for (int i = 0; i < indexArray.length; i++) { String index = indexArray[i]; float x = (mWidth - mTextPaint.measureText(index)) / 2; float y = mMarginTop + mHeight * i + (mHeight + Utils.getTextHeight(mTextPaint, index)) / 2; //绘制字符 canvas.drawText(index, x, y, mTextPaint); } } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { switch (event.getAction()) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: // 选中字符的下标 int pos = (int) ((event.getY() - mMarginTop) / mHeight); if (pos >= 0 && pos < indexArray.length) { setBackgroundColor(TOUCH_COLOR); if (onSideBarTouchListener != null) { for (int i = 0; i < tags.size(); i++) { if (indexArray[pos].equals(tags.get(i))) { onSideBarTouchListener.onTouch(indexArray[pos], i); break; } else { onSideBarTouchListener.onTouch(indexArray[pos], -1); } } } } break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: setBackgroundColor(UNTOUCH_COLOR); if (onSideBarTouchListener != null) { onSideBarTouchListener.onTouchEnd(); } break; } return true; } }
在onMeasure()方法里,如果SideBar的宽、高测量模式为MeasureSpec.AT_MOST则重新计算SideBar的宽、高。onDraw()方法则是遍历索引数组,并绘制字符索引。在onTouchEvent()方法里,我们根据手指在SideBar上触摸坐标点的y值,计算出触摸的相应字符,以便在OnSideBarTouchListener接口进行后续操作,例如列表的跟随滚动等等。
四、实例
前边已经完成了三大核心功能,最后来愉快的使用下吧:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.list); SideBar sideBar = (SideBar) findViewById(R.id.side_bar); final TextView tip = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tip); final List<ItemData> datas = new ArrayList<>(); ItemData data = new ItemData("北京"); datas.add(data); ItemData data1 = new ItemData("上海"); datas.add(data1); ItemData data2 = new ItemData("广州"); datas.add(data2); . . . ItemData data34 = new ItemData("Hello China"); datas.add(data34); ItemData data35 = new ItemData("宁波"); datas.add(data35); SortHelper<ItemData> sortHelper = new SortHelper<ItemData>() { @Override public String sortField(ItemData data) { return data.getTitle(); } }; sortHelper.sortByLetter(datas);//将数据源按指定字段首字母排序 List<String> tags = sortHelper.getTags(datas);//提取已排序数据源的tag值 MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this, datas, false); final LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this); layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL); recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager); //添加分割线 recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DivideItemDecoration().setTags(tags)); //添加GroupHeader recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new GroupHeaderItemDecoration(this) .setTags(tags)//设置tag集合 .setGroupHeaderHeight(30)//设置GroupHeader高度 .setGroupHeaderLeftPadding(20));//设置GroupHeader 左padding recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter); sideBar.setOnSideBarTouchListener(tags, new OnSideBarTouchListener() { @Override public void onTouch(String text, int position) { tip.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); tip.setText(text); if ("↑".equals(text)) { layoutManager.scrollToPositionWithOffset(0, 0); return; } //滚动列表到指定位置 if (position != -1) { layoutManager.scrollToPositionWithOffset(position, 0); } } @Override public void onTouchEnd() { tip.setVisibility(View.GONE); } }); } }
这也就是文章开头的 gif 效果。如果需要自定义ItemView的绘制可以这样写:
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new GroupHeaderItemDecoration(this) .setTags(tags) .setGroupHeaderHeight(30) .setGroupHeaderLeftPadding(20) .setOnDrawItemDecorationListener(new OnDrawItemDecorationListener() { @Override public void onDrawGroupHeader(Canvas c, Paint paint, TextPaint textPaint, int[] params, int position) { c.drawRect(params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], paint); int x = params[0] + Utils.dip2px(context, 20); int y = params[1] + (Utils.dip2px(context, 30) + Utils.getTextHeight(textPaint, tags.get(position))) / 2; Bitmap icon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher, null); Bitmap icon1 = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(icon, Utils.dip2px(context, 20), Utils.dip2px(context, 20), true); c.drawBitmap(icon1, x, params[1] + Utils.dip2px(context, 5), paint); c.drawText(tags.get(position), x + Utils.dip2px(context, 25), y, textPaint); } @Override public void onDrawSuspensionGroupHeader(Canvas c, Paint paint, TextPaint textPaint, int[] params, int position) { c.drawRect(params[0], params[1], params[2], params[3], paint); int x = params[0] + Utils.dip2px(context, 20); int y = params[1] + (Utils.dip2px(context, 30) + Utils.getTextHeight(textPaint, tags.get(position))) / 2; Bitmap icon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher, null); Bitmap icon1 = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(icon, Utils.dip2px(context, 20), Utils.dip2px(context, 20), true); c.drawBitmap(icon1, x, params[1] + Utils.dip2px(context, 5), paint); c.drawText(tags.get(position), x + Utils.dip2px(context, 25), y, textPaint); } }) );
坐标计算有点复杂了......0_o......
看下效果:
当然不止于此,更多的效果等待着机智的你去创造。
更多代码细节及用法可参考:https://github.com/Othershe/GroupIndexLib